銑削薄壁零件的幾種正確選擇

在薄型零件的精加工中, 與粗加工的差別在於夾持力的影響, 精加工過程中必須充分考慮刀具和製程參數對零件內應力的影響. 以及銑​​削時切削力和銑削熱對零件結構的影響, 控制變形，避免效率提升所帶來的變形, 這會對零件的精度和表面品質造成損害.

銑削薄壁鋁合金零件刀具的選擇

薄壁零件加工切削刀具的選擇
選擇更合理的工具可以直接提高生產效率. 鋁合金材料的銑削對刀具材料要求不高. 一般來說, 硬質合金銑刀就夠了, 塗層可以是無塗層或鑽石塗層. 粗加工時, 因為不需要考慮準確性和品質問題, the metal material can be removed as efficiently as possible, so a large diameter tool can be selected to reduce the number of passes and shorten the pass time.

另外, in rough machining, try to choose close-tooth tools instead of sparse-tooth tools, which can increase the feed per revolution, and the cutting speed can be increased at the same speed. In finishing machining, in addition to considering the problem of high-efficiency material removal, the problem of force and deformation control of thin-walled components during cutting should also be fully considered.

Carbide tools should be used for finishing high-strength aluminum alloy thin-walled parts. The rake angle of the tool should not be too small, otherwise the cutting deformation and friction will increase, the rake face wear will increase, and the tool life will be reduced. 另外, the selection of the arc radius of the tool tip should be appropriate, and the teeth of the tool should not be too dense to facilitate chip discharge. It is beneficial to further increase the feed rate, prevent the hardened layer from cold working, and prolong the service life of the tool.

Set the tool path for milling thin parts

Select the tool path for milling thin parts
A more effective way to increase speed and efficiency is to optimize the tool path, and ensure the directionality of the tool path during high-speed cutting. 那是, the tool path is as simple as possible, with fewer turning points, and the path as smooth as possible to reduce rapid changes in direction; The idle time should be reduced, and the proportion of cutting time in the entire workpiece should be increased as much as possible;
Should try to use loop milling, through without interrupting the cutting process and tool path. Reduce the cutting-in and cutting-out times of the tool, and obtain a stable, efficient and high-precision machining process.

Tool path of small curvature radius surface

Tool path of small curvature radius surface
In the high-speed machining of large and complex curved surfaces of integral structural parts, when the curvature of the curved surface changes greatly, the direction of the maximum curvature radius should be used as the optimal cutting direction; When the curvature of the curved surface changes small, the influence of the radius of curvature on the cutting direction is weakened. It is better to choose the cutting direction with the longest average length of a single tool path.

Horizontal tool path for milling

Curved tool path with large radius of curvature
When machining inclined planes, if horizontal cutting is adopted, the cutting distance of each segment is very short. During the milling process, the spindle needs to change direction frequently, resulting in poor cutting stability. And because the milling is inclined, horizontal feed requires the linkage of X or Y axis and Z axis, which is not conducive to the increase of cutting speed.

Select the parameters for milling thin parts

Horizontal horizontal tool path for milling
所以, for this type of bevel machining, the tool path should be arranged as parallel to the longest bevel as possible. Not only the tool path is the longest, the number of reversing times is the least, but the single tool is only cut in the X and Y planes. The movement in the Z-axis direction is arranged outside the contour of the workpiece, which can reduce tool damage even under high-speed cutting.

Oblique parallel tool path for milling
Selection of cutting parameters
粗加工時, you can generally choose a large feed rate and an appropriately large cutting depth, coupled with a medium cutting speed “high power” high-efficiency cutting, which can achieve a high material removal rate, thereby greatly improving production efficiency. For finishing, it is only feasible to increase the speed and increase the number of teeth. Increasing the feed per tooth may reduce the surface accuracy, resulting in residual stress and deformation. 所以, “light cutting and fast cutting” with high cutting speed and low feed per tooth is often used to ensure the improvement of production efficiency and the accuracy and surface quality of products.

Cutting parameters can be determined by cutting finite element analysis and cutting tests. Take a gantry CNC machining center with a maximum spindle speed of 24000r/min as an example. Through the analysis of Third Wave AdvantEdge software, in the rough machining process of thin-walled panels, if you choose φ25mm or φ32mm indexable milling cutters. For the optimization of cutting parameters, the spindle speed should be appropriately increased, and the selection range is 12000～15000r/min; The feed per tooth and the cutting depth should not be too large, and the selectable ranges are respectively 0.15mm/z and 2～3mm.

Part of the milling test simulation data
The cutting test can be designed within the optional range of the parameters obtained from the finite element analysis, and the cutting efficiency, 表面粗糙度, and machined surface topography are used as the evaluation criteria, and the optimal cutting parameters are finally selected.
Under the high-efficiency machining strategy of aluminum alloy thin-walled parts, the correct selection of the above-mentioned milling tools, 切割工具, and milling parameters is also required.