CNC車床加工零件技術

什麼是車床加工?
那是, 在車床上, 透過工件的旋轉運動和刀具的直線或曲線運動來改變毛坯的形狀和尺寸, 並加工成符合圖面零件的要求.

Turning is a method of cutting the workpiece by using the rotation of the part relative to the tool on the lathe. The cutting function of turning is mainly provided by the workpiece rather than the tool. Turning is the most basic and common cutting method, and it occupies a very important position in production. Turning is suitable for machining revolving surfaces, and most workpieces with revolving surfaces can be processed by turning methods. Such as inner and outer cylindrical surface, inner and outer conical surface, end surface, groove, thread and rotary forming surface, ETC。, the tools used are mainly turning tools.

Among all kinds of metal cutting machine tools, lathes are the most widely used, accounting for about 50% of the total number of machine tools. The lathe can not only use turning tools to turn the workpiece, but also use drills, reamers, taps and knurling tools for drilling, 鉸孔, tapping and knurling operations. According to different process characteristics, layout forms and structural characteristics, lathes can be divided into: Horizontal lathes, floor lathes, vertical lathes, turret lathes and profiling lathes, ETC。, most of which are horizontal lathes.

CNC lathe processing can process various types of materials. There are: 316, 304 不銹鋼, 碳素鋼, 工具鋼, 合金鋼, 合金鋁, 鎂合金, 鋅合金, 鈦合金, 銅, 鐵, 塑膠, 丙烯酸纖維, 聚甲醛, UHWM及其他原料. It can process parts with complex structures.

Precautions for CNC lathe processing
數控車床的加工流程與一般車床相似. 然而, 因為CNC車床是一次性裝夾的, 連續自動加工完成所有車削工序. 所以, 應注意以下幾個方面:

1. 合理選擇切削量:
For high-efficiency metal cutting processing, the processed material, 切割工具, and cutting conditions are the three major elements. These determine the processing time, tool life and processing quality. The economical and effective machining method must be the reasonable choice of cutting conditions.
Three elements of cutting conditions: Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut directly cause tool damage. With the increase of cutting speed, the temperature of the tool tip will rise, which will cause mechanical, chemical and thermal wear. Cutting speed increased by 20%, tool life will be reduced by 1/2. The relationship between the feed condition and the wear on the back of the tool occurs in a very small range. 然而, the feed rate is large, 切削溫度升高, and the tool wear is large. It has less influence on the tool than cutting speed. While the impact of the cutting depth of the tool is not as cutting speed and feed large. 然而, when cutting at a small depth of cut, the material being cut produces a hardened layer, which will also affect the life of the tool.

The user should choose the cutting speed to be used according to the processed material, hardness, cutting state, material type, 進給率, and depth of cut. The most suitable processing conditions are selected on the basis of these factors. Regular, stable wear and longevity are the ideal conditions. 然而, in actual operations, the choice of tool life is related to tool wear, dimensional changes to be processed, 表面質量, cutting noise, and processing heat. When determining the processing conditions, it is necessary to conduct research according to the actual situation. For difficult-to-machine materials such as stainless steel, heat-resistant alloys, titanium alloys, and magnesium alloys, coolants or turning blades with good rigidity can be used.

2. 合理選擇工具:
(1) 粗車削時, 選擇強度高、耐用度好的刀具，滿足粗車時大車深、大進給的要求.
(2) 完成車削時, choose tools with high precision and good durability. To ensure the requirements of machining accuracy.
(3) 為了減少換刀時間，方便對刀, machine clamp tools and machine clamp turning blades should be used as much as possible.

3. Reasonable selection of fixtures:
(1) Try to use general fixtures to clamp the workpiece and avoid using special fixtures;
(2) 零件定位基準重合，減少定位誤差.

4. Determine the processing route: The processing route is the movement track and direction of the tool relative to the part during the processing of the index-controlled machine tool.
(1) It should be able to guarantee the processing accuracy and surface roughness requirements;
(2) The processing route should be shortened as much as possible to reduce the tool idle travel time.