銑床和銑削技術

Milling is a machining method in which a milling cutter is used as a tool and the surface of an object is processed by CNC. Milling machines include horizontal milling machines, vertical milling machines, portal milling machines, profiling milling machines, universal milling machines, and bar milling machines.

What is milling?
銑削是指利用旋轉的多刃刀具切削工件, 是一種高效率的加工方法. 工作時, 工具旋轉 (主要動作), 工件移動 (進給運動). 工件也可固定, 但旋轉工具也必須移動 (同時完成主運動和進給運動). 銑削所用的工具機是水平銑床或立式銑床, 以及大型龍門銑床. 這些工具機可以是普通工具機，也可以是CNC工具機. 使用旋轉銑刀作為切削刀具. 銑削一般在銑床或鏜床上進行. 適合加工平面, 凹槽, 各種成型面 (花鑰匙, 齒輪和螺紋) 以及模具異形表面等.

Features of milling tools
① Each tooth of the milling tool periodically participates in intermittent cutting.
② The cutting thickness of each milling cutter tooth changes during the cutting process.
③ The feed per tooth αf (mm/tooth) indicates the relative displacement of the workpiece within the time that the milling cutter rotates one tooth.

Common milled parts
(1) Flat parts
The characteristics of plane parts: the machined surface can be parallel to the horizontal plane, perpendicular to the horizontal plane, or a fixed angle with the horizontal plane;
Most of the parts processed on the CNC milling machine are flat parts, and the flat parts are the simplest type of parts in CNC milling. 一般來說, only two-axis linkage or 3-axis linkage of a three-axis CNC milling machine can be used for processing. In the processing process, the processing surface and the tool are in surface contact, and end milling cutter or ball end milling cutter can be used for rough and finishing processing.

(2) Special-shaped parts with curved surfaces
The characteristic of curved parts is that the machined surface is arc-shaped space curved surface. 機械加工過程中, the machining surface and the milling cutter are always in point contact. Surface finishing is mostly carried out with ball-end milling tools.

Precision correction of milling machine
X-axis correction of milling machine
Slightly loosen the 4 螺栓, but make sure that there is still some friction resistance on the 4 螺栓. 此時, use the rotating bolt of the head to adjust the left and right angle. During the process, a dial indicator must be placed on the end of the spindle to measure the correct position of the worktable.

Y-axis correction of milling machine
Slightly loosen the 3 螺栓, but make sure that the 3 bolts are not too loose to facilitate fine-tuning. 此時, by the arm rotating bolt, a dial indicator placed on the spindle end in order to measure the correct position of the table.

Horizontal correction of milling machine
Place the spirit level on the work surface.
Check point A and B of the level, the allowable value is 0.06mm/m.
If necessary, shims can be placed under the machine.