細長軸車床加工

What is a slender shaft for lathe machining?
細長軸是指長徑比大於的軸 25 (ie L/D>25).
例如絲槓, 光滑棒, ETC. 在車床上. 由於細長軸剛性差, 由於旋轉力的作用和影響，容易變形, 車削過程中的切削熱與振動. Machining errors such as straightness and concentricity appear. It is difficult to meet the technical requirements such as geometric tolerances and surface quality on the drawing, which makes turning processing very difficult. The larger the L/d value, the more difficult the turning process.

細長軸車削技術

在數控加工過程中, it is affected by multiple factors such as machine tools and turning tools. The workpiece is prone to defects such as curved waist drum shape, polygonal shape, slub shape and so on. Especially in the grinding process, the general size is poor, and the surface roughness is required to be higher. 另外, because the workpiece generally requires heat treatment requirements such as quenching and tempering during grinding, the cutting heat during grinding is more likely to cause deformation of the workpiece and so on. In order to prevent the bending deformation during processing, the technicians of our factory take measures from the aspects of fixtures, machine tools, process methods, operation techniques, turning tools and cutting volume.

Concentricity and perpendicularity of turning slender shaft

Improved method of turning
When CNC turning a slender shaft, the clamping method of clamping one end and tightening one end is adopted. When clamping the workpiece with a chuck, an open wind wire ring is inserted between the jaw and the workpiece to reduce the axial angle length between the workpiece and the jaw. An elastic center is used for clamping on the tailstock, so that when the workpiece is stretched by the cutting heat, the thimble can expand and contract in the axial direction to compensate for the working pavilion shape and reduce the bending of the workpiece.

Follow the knife rest
The follower is an auxiliary device of the lathe. It is used to support the workpiece near the cutting point of the tool and move longitudinally with the carriage slide. The supporting piece where the tool rest is in contact with the workpiece is generally made of wear-resistant ductile iron or bronze. The arc of the supporting claw should be ground and matched with the outer circle after rough turning to avoid scratching the workpiece. The follower tool holder can offset the influence of the radial cutting component force and the weight of the workpiece during machining, thereby reducing cutting vibration and workpiece deformation. But it must be carefully adjusted to keep the center of the follower tool holder consistent with the center of the thimble of the machine tool.

Difficulty of CNC machining of slender shaft

Angle of turning tool
In order to reduce the radial cutting force, a larger entering angle should be selected; The rake face should be ground with a chipbreaker R=1.5-3mm, and the rake angle is generally γ0=150-300; The cutting edge angle λs takes a positive value to make the chips flow to the surface to be machined; The surface roughness value of the turning tool should be small, and the cutting edge should always be kept sharp.

CNC turning volume
When turning a slender shaft, the cutting amount should be appropriately reduced compared to ordinary shaft parts. Rough turning with a cemented carbide turning tool, the cutting amount can be as follows

For fine turning, use a carbide turning tool to turn a slender shaft of φ20, φ40mm, and a length of 1000-1500mm. Optional f=0.15-0.25mm/r, ap=0.2-0.5mm, v=60-100m/s

3. Technical parameters of the slender shaft

4. Machining accuracy of shaft

5. Advantages of the shaft manufacturer
   ① Precise customized processing of drawings and samples;
   ② A shaft manufacturing enterprise, with more than 20 years of experience in precision shaft machining, and strong technical support. Advanced processing equipment, complete inspection equipment and a strong logistics inspection team;
   ③ 100% factory inspection, quality assurance;
   ④ Strong productivity and short processing cycle.6. Machining of common shaft materials

7. 表面處理

8. Strict inspection standards
   ① A strong QC team;
   ② Incoming inspection of raw materials;
   ③ First inspection, patrol inspection, random inspection;
   ④ 100% factory inspection.