5 軸和 3 軸銑削的比較
銑削可獲得良好的曲面近似面. 使用球頭刀具進行三軸銑削時, x 方向的線性進給運動, y, 和z方向可以確保刀具切削到工件上的任意座標點, 但刀軸方向不能改變. 刀軸上該點的實際切削速度為零, 而且刀具中心的容屑空間也很小. 如果這些點涉及到切割, 不利的切削條件會導致加工表面品質下降, 刀片磨損會增加, 且加工時間會延長. 使高級刀具材料沒有充分利用.
銑削可獲得良好的曲面近似面. 使用球頭刀具進行三軸銑削時, x 方向的線性進給運動, y, 和z方向可以確保刀具切削到工件上的任意座標點, 但刀軸方向不能改變. 刀軸上該點的實際切削速度為零, 而且刀具中心的容屑空間也很小. 如果這些點涉及到切割, 不利的切削條件會導致加工表面品質下降, 刀片磨損會增加, 且加工時間會延長. 使高級刀具材料沒有充分利用.
Before adopting 5-axis CNC machining centers, most turbomachinery manufacturers used 3-axis or 4-axis machine tools to process impellers, and most of them used point machining. 那是, every point on the blade surface is processed into a point by the tool tip. When the tool moves along the surface of the blade, it will leave some pits or residual sharp corners, and the height of these pits or sharp corners depends on the programming skills. Point processing is also a feasible method, but this method has some unavoidable disadvantages:
In the CNC machining of the impeller blades, the machining of large impeller blades is the most difficult. Mastering the measures to solve the processing difficulties of large blades has a very positive effect not only on the large blade itself, but also on the impeller moving blades, impeller stationary blades, guide impeller blades and impeller end blades.
CNC用鑽頭在工件的實體部分加工孔稱為鑽孔. 鑽孔是粗加工, 可達到的尺寸公差等級為IT13~IT11, 表面粗糙度值為Ra50~12.5μm. 由於麻花鑽的長度較長, 芯徑小,剛性差, 以及橫刃的影響, 該鑽探具有以下技術特點:
Inclined CNC parts are often encountered in the production process. Need to punch, 無聊的, and milling shapes on the inclined surface. Or it is necessary to process several inclined surfaces with different directions and different slopes in the same clamping, and each inclined surface has a higher geometric tolerance requirement.
隨著多面、複雜曲面零件設計的增加, 5-軸加工在CNC加工中所佔比例將越來越大. 因為5軸數控加工增加了兩個旋轉自由度, 增加了CNC加工運動模擬計算和刀具干涉檢查的難度, 尤其是在加工形狀極為複雜的零件時.