Техническое оборудование для обработки деталей на токарных станках с ЧПУ

Что такое токарная обработка?
То есть, на токарном станке, форма и размер заготовки изменяются за счет вращательного движения заготовки и линейного или криволинейного движения инструмента., и обработаны в соответствии с требованиями чертежных частей.

Turning is a method of cutting the workpiece by using the rotation of the part relative to the tool on the lathe. The cutting function of turning is mainly provided by the workpiece rather than the tool. Turning is the most basic and common cutting method, and it occupies a very important position in production. Turning is suitable for machining revolving surfaces, and most workpieces with revolving surfaces can be processed by turning methods. Such as inner and outer cylindrical surface, inner and outer conical surface, end surface, groove, thread and rotary forming surface, и т. д., the tools used are mainly turning tools.

Among all kinds of metal cutting machine tools, lathes are the most widely used, accounting for about 50% of the total number of machine tools. The lathe can not only use turning tools to turn the workpiece, but also use drills, reamers, taps and knurling tools for drilling, reaming, tapping and knurling operations. According to different process characteristics, layout forms and structural characteristics, lathes can be divided into: Horizontal lathes, floor lathes, vertical lathes, turret lathes and profiling lathes, и т. д., most of which are horizontal lathes.

CNC lathe processing can process various types of materials. There are: 316, 304 нержавеющая сталь, углеродистая сталь, tool steel, легированная сталь, сплав алюминия, магниевый сплав, сплав цинка, титановый сплав, медь, железо, пластик, акрил, ПОМ, UHWM и другое сырье. It can process parts with complex structures.

Precautions for CNC lathe processing
Технология обработки токарного станка с ЧПУ аналогична технологии обычного токарного станка.. Однако, потому что токарный станок с ЧПУ - это одноразовый зажим, непрерывная и автоматическая обработка для завершения всех процессов токарной обработки. Поэтому, следует обратить внимание на следующие аспекты:

1. Разумный выбор количества резки:
For high-efficiency metal cutting processing, the processed material, cutting tools, and cutting conditions are the three major elements. These determine the processing time, tool life and processing quality. The economical and effective machining method must be the reasonable choice of cutting conditions.
Three elements of cutting conditions: Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut directly cause tool damage. With the increase of cutting speed, the temperature of the tool tip will rise, which will cause mechanical, chemical and thermal wear. Cutting speed increased by 20%, tool life will be reduced by 1/2. The relationship between the feed condition and the wear on the back of the tool occurs in a very small range. Однако, the feed rate is large, the cutting temperature rises, and the tool wear is large. It has less influence on the tool than cutting speed. While the impact of the cutting depth of the tool is not as cutting speed and feed large. Однако, when cutting at a small depth of cut, the material being cut produces a hardened layer, which will also affect the life of the tool.

The user should choose the cutting speed to be used according to the processed material, твердость, cutting state, material type, feed rate, and depth of cut. The most suitable processing conditions are selected on the basis of these factors. Regular, stable wear and longevity are the ideal conditions. Однако, in actual operations, the choice of tool life is related to tool wear, dimensional changes to be processed, surface quality, cutting noise, and processing heat. When determining the processing conditions, it is necessary to conduct research according to the actual situation. For difficult-to-machine materials such as stainless steel, heat-resistant alloys, titanium alloys, and magnesium alloys, coolants or turning blades with good rigidity can be used.

2. Выбирайте инструмент разумно:
(1) When rough turning, выберите инструмент с высокой прочностью и хорошей долговечностью, чтобы удовлетворить требования большой глубины точения и большой подачи при черновом точении.
(2) По окончании поворота, choose tools with high precision and good durability. To ensure the requirements of machining accuracy.
(3) Для сокращения времени смены инструмента и облегчения настройки инструмента., machine clamp tools and machine clamp turning blades should be used as much as possible.

3. Reasonable selection of fixtures:
(1) Try to use general fixtures to clamp the workpiece and avoid using special fixtures;
(2) Базы позиционирования деталей совпадают для уменьшения ошибок позиционирования..

4. Determine the processing route: Маршрут обработки – это траектория движения и направление инструмента относительно детали при обработке на станке с индексным управлением..
(1) It should be able to guarantee the processing accuracy and surface roughness requirements;
(2) Маршрут обработки должен быть максимально сокращен, чтобы сократить время простоя инструмента..