A diferença entre centros de usinagem CNC de 3 e 5 eixos

É antiético “fale sobre precisão sem a máquina-ferramenta CNC real”. Se for dito que “a precisão de uma máquina-ferramenta CNC de cinco eixos será definitivamente maior do que a de uma máquina-ferramenta CNC de três eixos”, então está completamente no papel. É perfeitamente possível que máquinas-ferramentas de três eixos de última geração tenham um índice de precisão de usinagem mais alto do que máquinas-ferramentas comuns de cinco eixos..
A máquina-ferramenta de 3 eixos contém três eixos lineares, X, S, e Z, and its structure is relatively simple. During the processing of the 3-axis machining center, the direction of the tool axis will not change, the motion mode is also limited, and the programming is relatively simple.
On the surface, a 5-axis machine tool has two more rotation axes than a three-axis machine tool. Aquilo é, in addition to the three linear axes of X, S, e Z, a 5-axis machine tool also includes two of the A, B, and C rotation axes around the three linear axes of X, S, and Z respectively. Mainly include the following combinations:

5-axis single turntable type – 5-axis single pendulum head type

5-tipo de cabeça giratória de eixo (esquerda) e tipo de cabeça giratória com inclinação de 5 eixos (certo)

5-axis swivel type (esquerda) and 5-axis tilt swivel type (certo)

O “5-axis tilting head” mentioned in the figure means that there is a rotating axis that is not perpendicular to the three linear axes, which is relatively rare. Its motion relationship is more complicated, but its structure is relatively compact, and its dynamic and static rigidity is better.

The difference between three-axis and five-axis is mainly reflected in the processing capacity. A five-axis machine tool can do the work of a three-axis machine tool, but the three-axis machine cannot complete the work of a five-axis machine tool. This shows that the existence of two rotating axes gives the five-axis machine tool stronger processing capabilities.

The advantages of the five-axis are mainly reflected in the following points:
1. Reduce the number of clamping. Due to the existence of two rotating shafts of the five-axis machine tool, the tool can approach the workpiece from any direction, and one clamping can realize the processing of all surfaces except the mounting surface. “Reduce the number of clamping times” can be described as two goals for the pursuit of high-efficiency and high-precision machining. On the one hand, reducing the number of clamping times can save time, reduce the labor intensity of workers, and improve processing efficiency;
Por outro lado, it is possible to minimize possible errors caused by clamping and ensure processing accuracy.

2. Maintain the best cutting condition of the tool. Due to the use of a five-axis machine tool, the tool can approach the workpiece from any direction, so that the tool can cut the workpiece at the most appropriate angle. It can also improve processing efficiency and processing quality.

3. Effectively avoid interference between tools. Also because of the existence of two rotating axes of a five-axis machine tool, the tool can approach the workpiece from any direction, making the processing path flexible and changeable. Can effectively avoid the interference problem in the processing process.

4. Shorten the development cycle. This is also the effect that is naturally achieved after the quality and efficiency are improved.