Fräsverfahren für Strukturteile aus Titanlegierung

Beim Hochgeschwindigkeitsfräsen von TC4, Gc.2, und Integralstrukturen aus reinem Titan, Im Allgemeinen wird Gleichlauffräsen verwendet. Das Werkzeug schneidet langsam in das Titanwerkstück, um die erzeugte Wärme und die Radialkraft zu reduzieren.
Beim Fräsen der Titanlegierung TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V), Häufig wird asymmetrisches Gleichlauffräsen eingesetzt, so dass die vordere Spitze des Fräserzahns zuerst das Werkstück berührt. When the milling cutter teeth are separated, the chips are very thin and are not easy to stick to the cutting edge. The opposite is true for up milling, which tends to stick chips. When the cutter tooth cuts in again, the chip is broken, causing the cutter material to peel off and chipping. Zweitens, maintain a stable cutting load as much as possible, because changes in load will cause tool deflection, thereby reducing machining accuracy and surface quality, and shortening tool life. Endlich, when machining titanium parts with large removal margins (such as groove machining of large titanium parts), layered milling, small depth of cut, and medium feed are generally used. When machining the inner cavity of titanium, when the tool enters the corner, adopt trochoidal milling, which can avoid the sudden increase of cutting force, otherwise the heat generated will destroy the performance of the titanium material.

Derzeit, in the high-speed machining of the aviation manufacturing industry, the milling speed of titanium alloy can reach more than 90m/min, and the cutting speed of aluminum alloy can reach 1500~6000m/min. When processing aluminum alloy in this speed range, the milling temperature is higher than the corresponding temperature at which the built-up edge disappears, which effectively avoids the generation of built-up edge and improves the quality of the processed surface. Gleichzeitig, the higher the silicon content of the aluminum alloy, the lower the milling speed should be. When processing high silicon aluminum alloy, the cutting speed is 300～1500m/min, the processing effect is better.

The commonly used cutting solutions are: high cutting speed, medium feed and small depth of cut. Jedoch, in actual processing, it is not that the higher the cutting speed, the better the effect. It is necessary to comprehensively consider the workpiece, cutting tool and equipment to formulate a reasonable processing plan. Zum Beispiel, there are two boss holes in the cavity of an aircraft wing part (Titanlegierung) produced by an aerospace manufacturing company. Wie in der Abbildung gezeigt 1. Adopting cemented carbide end mills, cutting speed v=1300m/min, feed rate fz=0.5mm/z, cutting depth ap=3～5mm, reciprocating tool passes over the boss hole to process, the processing cost is too high. After process improvement, high-speed steel tools are used in the A area, the cutting speed v=800m/min, the large cutting depth ap=10mm, and the position of the boss hole after rough machining. Replacing cemented carbide tools for high-speed milling in area B not only ensures machining efficiency and surface accuracy, but also reduces costs.

Fräsen von Strukturteilen aus Titanlegierungen