5-axis CNC machining method and machine tool. As early as the 1960s, the foreign aviation industry had begun to use it in order to process some large workpieces with continuous smooth and complex free-form surfaces, but it has not been widely used in more industries. Only in the past 10 years has there been rapid development. The main reason is that there are many difficulties in five-axis machining, such as:
Complex contours appear in tool and mold manufacturing, and are mass-produced products. Before the emergence of CNC machine tools, forging dies and dies used in the automotive industry were mainly manufactured by hand. After the 1970s, CNC machine tools have been widely used in tool and mold manufacturing. The basic contours of complex profiles are usually processed by milling, and the surrounding CNC machine tools are initially set to three-axis linkage.
The high-performance 5-axis CNC milling machining center, the CNC system has the space coordinate system rotation and the inclined tool compensation function, which provides the possibility for the machining of some parts that require inclined surface machining and high machining accuracy. When machining on an inclined plane, it is difficult to compile a machining program because the coordinate system changes in space.
Using multiple tools on the machining center machine tool can process all five or six sides of a complex bar workpiece. Its transmission efficiency is significantly higher than that of lathes with additional drive tools. 5-axis milling of bar stock is also economical when machining very small batches of workpieces.
5-axis machining turbocharger impeller
The high-precision turbocharger impeller is the most stringent key component. Through advanced 5-axis machining, hundreds of turbocharger impellers can be manufactured every day. Using solid aluminum milling, compared with the old-fashioned cast supercharger, not only has the price advantage but also higher tolerance accuracy.
Impeller refers to a wheel disc equipped with moving blades. Common materials for impellers include cast iron, bronze, stainless steel, manganese bronze, Monel, INCONEL, and non-metallic materials such as PPS plastic, phenolic resin and so on. .
Machining requirements for impeller:
Ordinary CNC milling machines also have a CNC operating system (such as FANUC, Siemens, China Huazhong or Guangshu, etc.), as well as three feed axes and a rotating spindle. Their processing mode geometry is exactly the same, and basically the same processing capabilities can be achieved.
Virtual reality, as a new high-tech technology, has been widely used in many fields such as aviation, aerospace, and manufacturing. An important application of this technology is the simulation of some phenomena in the manufacturing industry. The most typical is the simulation of CNC machining process. At present, simulation technology based on surface modeling and solid modeling has been widely used in CNC simulation, and there are also good algorithms for single-sided machining simulation of three-axis CNC milling machines.
Before the 5-axis milling tool path design, the system accuracy of the CAD 3D model should be set as high as possible. Especially when model conversion between different CAD systems, CATIA (*.model) format and Parasolid (*.x_t) format are preferred for data conversion. Secondly, use IGES format for data conversion. When using the IGES format, the system accuracy should generally not be less than 0.01mm. Especially when performing five-axis high-speed cutting of precision parts, the accuracy of the model and the accuracy of tool interpolation have an important impact on the output of the tool path.
With the increase of complex surface design of parts in modern industry, 5-axis machining will account for an increasing proportion of CNC machining. As 5-axis CNC machining adds two degrees of freedom of rotation, it increases the difficulty of CNC machining motion simulation calculation and tool interference check, especially when machining parts with extremely complex shapes.
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